Middleton, Richard S.; Carey, J. William; Currier, Robert P. - In: Applied Energy 147 (2015) C, pp. 500-509
Hydraulic fracturing of shale formations in the United States has led to a domestic energy boom. Currently, water is the only fracturing fluid regularly used in commercial shale oil and gas production. Industry and researchers are interested in non-aqueous working fluids due to their potential...