We consider a monopoly that sets a price and differentiated referral fees to spread product information along a simple consumer communication network (a chain). The profit-maximizing solution involves standard monopoly pricing and referral fees that provide consumers with strictly positive...

This paper studies the pricing strategy in the closed-loop supply chain with Nash bargaining when considering fairness concerns and risk aversion. Mainly, the authors argue that behavioral factors (i.e., fairness concern and risk aversion) should be introduced into pricing process. They consider...

Rapid and thorough changes have recently taken place in dairy supply chain in the whole Central and Eastern Europe. Growing concerns have been expressed that these changes may negatively affect farmers' relative position towards downstream industry, due to market power exercised by the latter....

This paper constructed a simple model to illustrate the global supply chain profit sharing and industrial upgrading mechanism, from which it was found that the average profitability distribution in the different supply chain stages was determined by two main factors: (1) the average product of...

The rise of global supply chains has had profound effects on individual economies and the global trading system, thereby complicating standard macroeconomic analyses. For many of the new and challenging questions brought about by this phenomenon, such as its impact on the global business cycle...

"Buy-one-get-one" (BOGO) promotions have become very popular among many retailers. With BOGO, the first unit of the product is sold for the regular price and if a consumer buys a second unit, then it is discounted by some percentage or it may be free. We analyze BOGO promotions in a...

Almost everywhere in the world, despite the lower agricultural commodity prices, consumer food prices have been increasing in recent years. Notwithstanding a global recession and the largest grain harvest on record in 2008, food prices have been heading up again. Between now and 2050 the world's...