In this paper, we document a positive effect of supplier-customer geographic proximity on supplier innovation. To … of supplier-customer proximity on supplier innovation is stronger when customers are more innovative themselves, when … through which supplier-customer proximity affects supplier innovation. Overall, our paper sheds new light on the real effect …

ownership of suppliers and customers on suppliers’ innovation activities. I find suppliers’ investment in innovation, quantity … and quality of innovation output increase when common owners control higher fractions of their and their customers’ shares … outstanding. The impact of this vertical common ownership on innovation input and quality of innovation output is stronger and …

Over the last few decades, innovation has doubled automobile performance at a time when outsourcing has increased. But … outsourcing is subject to well-known contracting hazards that would also afflict outsourcing for innovation. In this paper, we … examine how supplier firms generate innovation in the presence of such hazards, using a recent survey of the US automotive …