I investigate how the burden of consumption taxes not borne by consumers is shared between upstream firms that produce a taxed good and downstream firms that sell the goods. Using novel data on monthly brand-level cigarette wholesale prices and retail prices from Nielsen homescan data, I find...

We here want to analyze how the imperfect competition mark-up and pass-through are transmitted through the production chain and how they change, as a function of the number of firms existing at each production stage. In order to have an analytical closed form solution, we use the standard linear...

In the European Union, medicines are regulated products subject to both single market (e.g., regional exhaustion of property rights) and country specific health care regulations (e.g., medicines pricing). This gives rise to parallel trade (PT), a phenomenon that takes place when a patented...

Environmental, social, and governance (ESG) standards do not permit complicity in modern slavery, human trafficking, or child labor (Principles for Responsible Investment [PRI] 2021, 4). And yet, the breadth and depth of oppressive labor practices in US and global corporate supply chains is, in...

Die Bundesregierung und die Europäische Kommission mussten in den letzten Wochen viel Kritik bezüglich ihrer Impfstoffbeschaffungsstrategie zur Eindämmung der Corona-Pandemie einstecken. Vor dem Hintergrund zu schleppend erscheinender Impfstofflieferungen und der zunehmenden Gefahr durch die...

Problem: Despite the efforts made by the Government of Tanzania since 1994 to reform the health sector, Tanzania is still facing a number of challenges: increasing morbidity and mortality rate due to HIV/AIDS and Malaria, increasing demand for health care due to population increase at a 2.032%...

COVID-19 has halted the world with significant impacts on human lives and economies. Humanity is facing the biggest challenge since the Second World War. As the world grapples with this pandemic, questions are also being raised about China’s role in the COVID-19 outbreak. The issues that are...

This paper provides a critical analysis of the new operating model for NHS procurement that is being implemented in 2018 (the ‘NOM’). The NOM is expected to generate significant savings through centralised procurement and strategic supply chain management, which can then be dedicated to...

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has highlighted the crucial role of vaccines in public health management and economic recovery. Its worldwide impact has raised national security concerns and implications on health policies, particularly on Asia Pacific countries' readiness to cope...

This paper compares drivers of full COVID-19 vaccinations and booster doses across U.S. counties. Booster doses are contingent upon someone receiving the primary doses, and the risk attitudes and propensities to get vaccinated may be different across individuals, along with the supply chain...