As part of the Next Generation EU (NGEU) program, the European Commission has pledged to issue up to EUR 250 billion of the NGEU bonds as green bonds, in order to confirm their commitment to sustainable finance and to support the transition towards a greener Europe. Thereby, the EU is not only...

The green bond market has demonstrated a significant expansion over the previous years. Nonetheless, it remains only a very small fraction of the overall bond market. Further growth in the green bond market would provide significant green investment, thereby helping to close the European Green...

The purpose of this paper is to highlight some issues and proffer solutions that can make sustainable finance become sustainable. One, there should be greater focus on how some aspects of finance can contribute to sustainability. Two, light-touch regulation may be needed to grow the relatively...

In 2006 China implemented the green credit policy that demands from banks to integrate sustainability considerations into their lending and investment processes. The goals of the policy are to incentivize the financial sector to finance the transformation into a greener economy and to create...

The European Commission's (EU Commission) Sustainable Growth Action Programme aims to transform national economies in the European Union towards a Green Economy. This is linked to the aspiration to achieve the EU climate protection goals and the Sustainable Development Goals of the United...

Concerns regarding social and environmental issues have become a pervasive aspect of economic relationships, prompting banks' role in social-environmental sustainability to occupy a growing share in the economic debate. Nevertheless, what is the relationship between bank behavior and sustainable...

The purpose of this paper is to highlight some issues and proffer solutions that can make sustainable finance become sustainable. I present some solutions that can help to make sustainable finance become sustainable. One, there should be greater focus on how some aspect of finance can contribute...

The social nature of Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) is mainly financed by subsidies received from the donors. This paper investigates the relationship between the sustainability and the efficiency of microfinance. Using Yaron’s Subsidy Dependence Index (SDI) as a measure of sustainability, a...

Banks are crucial enablers of financial and economic development. They have an immense corporate social responsibility (CSR) towards society. Bank´s CSR activities are considered increasingly vital for their own success and sustainable growth, especially as they operate in a business...

We create a novel database of hand-collected information from the country-by-country reports (CbCRs) of more than 100 multinational bank groups headquartered in the EU for 2014-2016. We compare this new dataset with information from Orbis and Bank Focus to assess in how far the new disclosure...