2015, the Government of Indonesia has implemented the village fund (VF) transfer to enhance its rural economy, especially … study examines the causal effects of VF transfer on the rural economic growth of underdeveloped villages in Indonesia. Using … implementation of VF transfer. Our study confirms that the underdeveloped villages in East Indonesia are growing faster than those in …

This chapter makes a case for the importance of extension of rural access in Nigeria based on the concept of … extend universal access to telecommunications services to rural areas in Nigeria. Nigeria, with a population of over 140 … the issue of extension of access to telecommunications services for persons in Nigeria goes a long way towards, in …