In investment arbitration, procedural rules that incorporate broad transparency provisions subject both sides of an investment dispute to public scrutiny and, as a consequence, establish an equitable and sustainable framework for investors to seek a remedy against respondent-states. In this day...

The Fair and Equitable Treatment (FET) standard in international investment law has become an indispensable tool for the foreign investors to bring claims against host countries. These claims largely relates to sectors which are directly linked with the sustainable development of these host...

International investment has increasingly been subject to controversies and debates. Never more so then when international investment law is faced with sustainable development issues, particularly in the context of international investment arbitration. Given the characteristics of international...