This report summarises existing knowledge on costs of sustainable forest management (SFM) in tropical and sub …‐tropical forests. First, the scope of forest‐related cost studies and background information on definitions of and obstacles for SFM … "What are the costs of sustainable forest management in tropical and sub‐tropical primary forests?" is not addressed and …

Recent distressing trends in climate change, population explosion and deforestation inspired this paper, which … growth on forest sustainability in Africa. Using three instruments of forest exploitation, the study shows how rural …, agricultural and national population growths affect forest-area and agricultural-land. In this particular study the findings …

The Indonesian state and local community have been conducting forest co-management as part of a new social forestry … forestry program. This article aims to explore how social innovation and village governance in forest communities works. The … village growth to the larger scope. The successful management for social forestry in Indonesia needs to be based on a hybrid …