The incidence and efficiency losses of taxes have usually been analyzed in isolation from public expenditures. This negligence of the expenditure side may imply a serious misperception of the effects of marginal tax rates. The reason is that part of the marginal tax may in fact be a payment for...

Public employment growth has been paralleled by increased female labor force participation, while real wages for typical female public sector occupations have not increased. In a theoretical model we, first, show that there is a trade-off between day care provision and gross wages for...

This paper presents and applies different approaches to estimate returns to scale in multiple-input multiple-output technologies. Scale efficiency gives quantitative information of scale characteristics. A primal based approach to estimate the scale elasticity is proposed as an alternative to...

The purpose of this paper is to use the bootstrap resampling technique to calculate confidence intervals for efficiency measures and Malmquist productivity indices. The efficiency and productivity measures are obtained from non-parametric linear programming models using primal production data....

The paper investigates the intertemporal spending behavior of Scandinavian local governments with particular attention to liquidity constraints imposed by balanced-budget-rules and other regulations. The main finding is that Danish local governments are more able to smooth current expenditures...

The Swedish school system suffers from profound problems with teacher recruitment and retention, knowledge decline, and grade inflation. Absenteeism is high, and psychiatric disorders have risen sharply among Swedish pupils in the last ten years. In this pioneering analysis of the consequences...

The Swedish school system suffers from profound problems with teacher recruitment and retention, knowledge decline, and grade inflation. Absenteeism is high, and psychiatric disorders have risen sharply among Swedish pupils in the last ten years. In this pioneering analysis of the consequences...