Many countries have adopted policies designed to reduce CO2 emissions from road vehicles. Taxes linked to the CO2 emissions rate or the fuel economy of a vehicle (which is inversely related to its CO2 emissions rate) are examples of such policies. These taxes are usually imposed on new vehicles,...

In an increasingly globalized world, accessibility is key for determining the success of a city and its surrounding region in terms of economic growth. Transport networks play a particularly significant role for metropolitan regions, especially air transport links. Accordingly, air transport...