In recent decades, territorial approaches have played an important role in the economy of innovation. They have given rise to a vast array of literature on conceptual models such as innovative milieus, technopoles, industrial districts, or more generally clusters. One the one hand, these models...

Over the last few decades, territorial approaches have generally tried to explain how regions have specialised their production systems around specific path dependencies and technological innovation; how their specialisation enabled them to compete locally in the global market. Some...