Since the 2008 financial crisis, in which the Reserve Primary Fund "broke the buck," money market funds (MMFs) have been the subject of ongoing policy debate. Many commentators view MMFs as a key contributor to the crisis because widespread redemption demands during the days following the Lehman...

Financial regulation has recently focused on “too big to fail” institutions such as banks and insurance companies by assigning to some of them the designation of “systemically important”, which brings additional regulatory requirements on top of the traditional requirements. In 2015...

The European single market supported the creation of multinational banking groups. However, the European banking directives and the single license system were built along the model of the stand-alone bank and cannot keep pace with recent market developments. The national character of prudential...

Several commentators have argued that financial “reform” legislation enacted after a market crash is invariably flawed, results in “quack corporate governance” and “bubble laws,” and should be discouraged. This criticism has been specifically directed at both the Sarbanes-Oxley Act...

Fair value accounting has been argued as one contributing factor to the recent global financial crisis occurred from 2007 to 2008. However, recent empirical studies find no significant evidence for this role of fair value accounting. One reason for this inconsistency comes from the weaknesses of...

What constitutes shadow banking has been described by the international financial institutions, such as FSB, IOSCO, ECB and European Commission. A common characteristic is that several of the shadow banking activities are outside the banking field but are likely to have an impact on the banking...

After the 2008 financial crisis, over-the-counter derivatives markets were closely examined and determined to be a contributing factor. At the time, the four primary concerns with the derivatives markets were: (1) the limited number of interconnected market players, which raised the risk of...

We construct a new systemic risk measure that quantifies vulnerability to fire-sale spillovers using detailed regulatory balance sheet data for U.S. commercial banks and repo market data for broker-dealers. Even for moderate shocks in normal times, fire-sale externalities can be substantial. For...