Transformation of food system in Indonesia can have a profound impact on the supply chain of smallholder farmers. Policymakers are concerned about the impact of "modern food retail penetration" or "supermarket penetration" on Indonesian food chain participants. This study aims to analyze the...

Economic development in Sudan has been facing more challenges than ever before in 2011 after South Sudan gets independence, where Sudan lost 75% from oil revenues. As a result, Sudan underwent structural reform that favored the concentrating in non-oil sector. Considering that agriculture has...