influence on risk attitudes and opportunity recognition. We conduct a natural experiment based on Germany’s recent history and … compare individuals born and raised in the former socialist East Germany (GDR) with their West Germany (FRG) counterparts. Our … analysis confirms the expected difference in values between individuals from East and West Germany and also shows that these …

post-unified Germany. The findings suggest that the socialist regime significantly damaged this mechanism of an …

post-unified Germany. The findings suggest that the socialist regime significantly damaged this mechanism of an …

. In this process, the poorly functioning socialist system of East Germany adopted the formal institutions and organization … of West Germany, a western-style market economy. We investigate the effect of this integration on patenting activity by …, the gap between East and West Germany widened considerably over time. This divergence in innovation activity suggests that …

there is a divide between East and West Germany, but also that neighbours may not be a relevant comparison group in … perceived differently in post-transition and capitalist societies. We find that the neighbourhood income effect for West Germany … coefficients on neighbourhood income in East Germany are positive, but not statistically significant. This suggests not only that …

differences for different types of vocational training, minor differences between East and West Germany and males and females, and …