Global warming or environmental issues in countries with effective energy applications and management of environmental resources have become key concerns. Energy is an important factor for countries to achieve sustainable development. Therefore, we need to actively seek renewable energy...

Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan are deficient of domestic fossil energy sources and depend significantly on imported fuels. Since the oil shock in the 1970s, all three countries have promoted renewable energy as an alternative energy source to improve energy security. Currently, renewable energy...