-- Public takeovers ; hostile takeovers ; notification requirements ; cash-settled equity total return swaps ; cash swaps ; equity options ; options ; mandatory offer ; insider trading ; capital markets ; regulated markets ; tender offer ; tender offer rules ; announcement obligations ;...

Several top deals already closed, a still highly fragmented industry and strong pressure for further consolidation following the financial crisis renewable energy certainly has become a red-hot topic in M&A. Surveying 220 companies in the solar photovoltaic, utility and financial sector as well...

Since years, incentives for the management have become a standard upon acquisitions of companies by Private Equity Investors - so-called Buy-Outs. However, until this date there are no empirical studies available on the arrangements of management participations and potential conflicts of...

Private equity has seen an impressive activity surge in Germany over the last ten years. This working paper meets the increasing thirst for information on the German buyout market with an overview of its historic development, a quantitative analysis of its performance and a future outlook. While...

How do transactional associates add value to deals? Other scholars have characterized transactional lawyers as transaction cost engineers, regulatory arbitrageurs, and enterprise architects. But those words describe partners. Although most of the deal team is made up of associates — and the...

State corporate laws require shareholder approval for corporate charter amendments, but only the board of directors has the power to propose how to amend charters. The directors' exclusive power over charter amendment proposals creates a potential for managerial opportunism by refusing to...

In 2005 the European Union adopted a Directive on Cross-Border Mergers, which Member States have to implement until 15 December 2007. This Directive is not only interesting for European lawyers because it addresses general problems of cross-border mergers and could therefore also become an...

Contingent future payments have gained a solid reputation as fundamental ingredients of business acquisition transactions. Earn-outs specifically are a species of contingent future payments that have proved helpful in a plethora of recent merger deals. An earn-out is payment for performance...

In merger agreements, the seller makes contractual representations and warranties (“reps”) about the state of the target, e.g., attesting to the accuracy of the target’s financial statements. We obtain a proprietary sample of claims for breaches of the reps in acquisition agreements...

Over 20 years, M&A contracts have more than doubled in size – from 35 to 88 single-spaced pages in this paper's font. They have also grown significantly in linguistic complexity – from post-graduate “grade 20” to post-doctoral “grade 30”. A substantial portion (lower bound ~20%) of...