is a progression from u sing tariffs only to quotas, and to antidumping constraints (when quotas are jointly eliminated …This paper shows that governments have no incentive to introduce non-tariff barriers when they are free to set tariffs … but they do when tariffs are determined cooperatively. We then show three results. First, with trade liberalization, there …

commitments under trade agreements (multilateral and regional agreements) and applied tariffs- what is also known as tariffs … equivalent to a level of tariffs between 1.7 and 8.7 percentage points. …

general-equilibrium mapping from tariffs to household inequality measures. This also yields predictions for linkages between … tariffs, development level, and observed household inequality. Working with a new dataset, we then examine crosscountry …