across these countries, and AD criteria and procedures have been codified in the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade and …

, retaliation can always be used to increase the welfare derived from such agreements by the participating governments. In …

stock of existing transatlantic retaliatory tariffs and examines three different motives that explain how products are … evaluation of EU tariffs implemented in response to U.S. steel and aluminum tariffs: within one year, imports of treated products …

.06%, but they decreased welfare by 2.4%. Using tariffs, the government can increase employment by as much as 2.8%. …Can anti-dumping tariffs increase employment? We compile data on all antidumping (AD) investigations in Brazil matching … upstream ones are not affected. To quantify the aggregate effect of these tariffs, we build a model with international trade …