in aggregate demand, unemployment rate, real wage and labour productivity, which captures key components of the labour … model to identify four structural innovations: aggregate demand, labour supply, wage bargaining, and productivity; (iii …; and (v) indicates their robustness to estimation of the impulse responses with stationary variables or in levels, and via …

shocks have a positive effect on wages. Exports increase wages for all occupational categories while offshoring has … elasticity of wages with respect to exports and offshoring is higher than in firms with no collective bargaining. Wage gains … associated with collective bargaining are similar across worker categories. Keywords: exports, offshoring, firm-level wages …