In recent years, there has been a growing realisation that beyond the realm of legitimate entrepreneurship is a large hidden enterprise culture composed of entrepreneurs conducting some or all of their trade off-the-books. Until now, however, few have evaluated how many entrepreneurs start-up...

To evaluate the prevalence in Eastern Europe of a little discussed illegitimate wage practice in which employers pay their formal employees both a declared wage and an undeclared ‘envelope wage’, an extensive survey involving 10,671 face-to-face interviews in eleven post-socialist societies...

'This is a very stimulating book which should be read by everyone who wants to gain an understanding of the latest developments in the shadow economy.'--Friedrich Schneider, Johannes Kepler University of Linz, Austria. 'Professor Williams is to be congratulated for this timely contribution - a...