Various tax policies provide consumers with forms of insurance. Social security has the payoff characteristics of an … annuity. The income tax provides consumers with a degree of Income insurance because the government shares part of the … effects of these and other tax policies are shown to depend crucially on the nature of existing private insurance arrangements …

progressive income tax in particular, provides insurance against the risk of uncertain future income. By providing for high taxes … of potential after-tax income relative to a lump-sum tax. This insurance function is distinct from the redistributive … income tax role in a federal system, given both its redistributive and insurance functions. The standard view in the …

Various tax policies provide consumers with forms of insurance. Social security has the payoff characteristics of an … annuity. The income tax provides consumers with a degree of Income insurance because the government shares part of the … effects of these and other tax policies are shown to depend crucially on the nature of existing private insurance arrangements …