South Africa has a progressive broad-based personal income tax system with relatively few tax expenditures. The two most important are the medical contribution plus additional tax credits for medical expenses, and the deductions allowed for retirement contributions. A pertinent question for tax...

In the 2010s, the Korean government revised the Income Tax Act to increase the tax burden for retirement income paid in a lump sum. The reform gradually increased the tax from 2015 to 2020. In addition, if a plan member transfers retirement income to the individual retirement pension account to...

The value of the tax preference for pensions depends on the marginal tax schedule and on the tax treatment of income from assets held outside a pension account. We examine the change over time in the value of pension investing, accounting for changes in the tax schedule and in the treatment of...