In this study, a four-stage Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model has been proposed to examine the productive efficiency of commercial banks. Risk that leads to an undesirable output, and which is viewed as originating due to exogenous and endogenous factors, has been explicitly introduced. It...

Economic reforms in India and China have not only resulted in higher GDP, Gross Capital Formation but also in improvement of output pure technical and scale inefficiencies. The effect of reforms is felt stronger in Chinese Economy than the Indian Economy