Agricultural extension services have been dominated by development programs to improve the productivity of crops and enhance farmers' income. The virtues and limitations of these programs ignite a debate among scholars from distinct strands of research. It is still unknown how effective...

We examine the role of adopting environmentally-friendly agricultural technologies on the technical efficiency (TE) among maize farmers in the mountainous areas of Northern Vietnam. While technology adoption is non-randomly assigned to farmers, we draw on recent advances of machine learning...