Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) applications frequently involve nonsubstitutable inputs and nonsubstitutable outputs (that is, fixed proportion technologies). However, DEA theory requires substitutability. In this paper, we illustrate the consequences of nonsubstitutability on DEA efficiency...

This paper examines transport modes that have employed Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). It ascertains whether key DEA specifications necessary for estimating valid efficiency scores are present, the impact on the scores when they are not, and methods for correcting the errors. One critical...

This paper provides transit policy makers and managements with a protocol for analyzing the efficiency of an urban area's non-rail transit when multiple types of service are operated. Procedures are described for estimating (a) the individual technical efficiency of each non-rail transit type,...