This paper makes three contributions to the literature on the effects of collective bargaining on the performance of German establishments. We include the analysis of firms' efficiency and we model productivity and efficiency simultaneously. Confronted with 25 % observations with missing values,...

When economic production functions are estimated as frontier functions, the deviations from the frontier can be interpreted as individual inefficiency estimates. The necessity for sensible stopping criteria in robust frontier procedures was the motivation for comparing the two popular parametric...