Paper considers the impact of cash, debt, trade credit and equity financing on firm efficiency. Paper argues that 1) cash holding negatively affects firm efficiency, 2) debt and trade credit have both positive and negative impact on efficiency, 3) debt and trade credit are more conducive to...

Despite the key role an increase in production efficiency plays in improving the competitiveness of the economy, the efficiency of production is not reflected in the objectives of monetary policy. The paper investigates the impact of the interest rate on firms’ efficiency and argues that it is...