It is being repeatedly theorized that most of Arabic countries are still have long road for development. Classified as developing countries they should be requiring improvements in their economic performance parameters and the behavior of their productive variables. However, Iraq was a unique...

The paper presents a new framework to assess firm level heterogeneity and to study the rate and direction of technical change. Building on the analysis of revealed short-run production functions by Hildenbrand (1981), we propose the (normalized) volume of the zonotope composed by vectors-firms...