revolution in energy consumption and production, in line with new targets announced in 2020 to achieve carbon neutrality by 2060 … entail major market reforms and changes to the structure of the Chinese energy sector, dominated now by SOEs and … investing in supply. But China will struggle with the software as this relies on a demand pull, market incentives, and greater …

This study analyzes trends in specialization of the Finnish industry since the 1980s. Low technology industries, such … their share of output has decreased significantly and Finland has specialized more and more in high technology industries …

In this article, it is argued that the Fourth Industrial Revolution (I4.0) is the result of a technology fusion between … the following factors that define an economic epoch: (a) The production systems and the type of tools these systems are … technological continuum, and it will redefine the notions of "production" and "work," as it will allow overcoming the over …

The second part of this article focuses on the transformation of the production systems in manufacturing and … agriculture as a result of the convergence in the I4.0 technologies detailed in Part I. The category of general-purpose production …-alone machines into production systems. The characteristics of these systems are studied separately for the cases of manufacturing …

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Preface -- 1. Introduction and Preliminaries -- Part I. Technology Differences Across Space … -- Part II. Interpreting Technology Differences -- Part III. Technology Differences over Time -- Appendix A. Proofs and …Technology Differences over Space and Time looks at how countries use their productive resources-such as workers …

-- An endogenous technology framework -- Skilled labor, unskilled labor, and experience over time -- Skills and capital over …