Using the standard Ricardian model, we developed the numerical result of Samuelson (2004) with general conditions. Specifically, our analysis shows that, the cumulative technological progress of the South will undermine the welfare of the North even before the relative productivities of the two...

In this paper we propose a categorical time-varying coefficient translog cost function to estimate technical change and productivity. The primary feature of this model is that each of its coefficients is expressed as a nonparametric function of a categorical time variable, thereby allowing each...

Studies of total factor productivity (TFP) in livestock production are rare, but when available provide useful information especially in the context of developing countries such as China where livestock is becoming more important in the domestic agricultural economy. We estimate TFP for four...