Patent nonuse occurs when a patentee fails to commercialize its patent, such as when the patent has no present commercial value or when attempts to license it have been unsuccessful. Patent nonuse may have anticompetitive purposes as well, and will lead to technology suppression when a patented...

We examine how the structure of multinational enterprises; (MNEs) activity affects technology spillovers between MNEs and their host economies by using firm-level data of Japanese MNEs and patent citations data. We construct new measures of foreign direct investment (FDI) by exploiting...

In this paper we introduce an agent-based model with heterogeneous firms which compare their mutual innovation strategies on different network structures. By implementing a dynamic behavioral switching via a fitness mechanism based on agents performance, companies can endogenously modify their...

This article measures the impact of public grants, on the technological output of Spanish manufacturing companies, measured by their count of utility models. The paper estimates two models: one for national grants and the other for regional ones, since origin of funds is considered to create a...

In Chapter 2 we saw that the most economical locations for transactions in a task network are the so-called thin crossing points—places where transfers are easy to define, count and pay for. However, in many places in the task network, transfers of material, energy, and information are so...

Functional analysis as set forth in the last chapter decomposes a technical system into functional components that do things to advance the system’s purpose and the goals of its designers. Functional analysis in turn can be used to construct value structure maps of technical systems. Such maps...

This paper provides technical documentation to a database built up from firm-level sources titled Micro moments database(MMD) that is made available for researchers through Eurostat. The MMD is an internationally harmonized research database of statistical moments collected from linked...

This is the first chapter in Part 3. Its purpose is to contrast the value structure of platform systems with step processes from a technological perspective. I first review the basic technical architecture of computers and argue that every computer is inherently a platform for performing...

The IBM PC was the first digital computer platform that was open by as a matter of strategy, not necessity. The purpose of this chapter is to understand the IBM PC as a technical system and set of organization choices in light of the theory of how technology shapes organizations. In Chapter 7, I...

This paper provides technical documentation to a database built up from firm-level sources titled Micro moments database (MMD) that is made available for researchers through Eurostat. The MMD is an internationally harmonized research database of statistical moments collected from linked...