We model the failed bank resolution process as a repeated game between a utility-maximizing government resolution authority (RA) and a profit-maximizing banking industry. Limits to resolution technology and political/economic pressure create incentives for the RA to bail out failed complex...

The United States still has a heavily paper-based retail payment system when compared with many other developed economies, but the shift to electronic payments has been bigger and more decisive than commonly perceived. For the first time ever, check use declined in the mid-1990s, and among...

Technology has changed how discrimination manifests itself in financial services. Replacing human discretion with algorithms in decision-making roles reduces taste-based discrimination, and new modeling techniques have expanded access to financial services to households who were previously...

Central bank digital currencies (CBDCs) promise to provide cash-like safety and convenience for peer-to-peer payments. To do so, they must be resilient and accessible. They should also safeguard the user's privacy, while allowing for effective law enforcement. Different technical designs satisfy...

Technology has changed how discrimination manifests itself in financial services. Replacing human discretion with algorithms in decision-making roles reduces taste-based discrimination, and new modeling techniques have expanded access to financial services to households who were previously...

This paper provides new evidence on how access to finance impacts technological innovation and establishes the role of labor practices in shaping the finance-innovation nexus. We exploit antebellum America, a unique setting where staggered adoption of free banking laws across states encouraged...

Why do some firms grow faster than others? This question has become the focus of a large number of empirical studies in industrial organization, strategic management, and entrepreneurship since the publications of Gibrat (1931) and Penrose (1959). Using an unbalanced panel data set of 85 U.S....

Blockchain is one of the most disruptive innovations in the field of technology in 21st century. Blockchain, a distributed ledger technology (DLT) and smart contracts, has emerged as a ground-breaking application in the financial sector. The three key properties of Blockchain technology,...

A non-parametric approach is used to examine the effects of globalization and deregulation on the efficiency and productivity growth of small and large banks in the U.S. between 1990 and 2003. Using a representative sample of commercial banks, the study finds empirical evidence that both small...