We study how individual inventors respond to incentives to work on "clean" electricity technologies. Using natural gas … price variation, we estimate output and entry elasticities of inventors and measure the medium-term impacts of a price … increase mirroring the social cost of carbon. We find that the induced clean innovation response primarily comes from existing …

This chapter summarizes the basic characteristics of patent data as an innovation indicator and reviews some of the … recent research using patent data, focusing on major developments since Griliches in 1990 [Griliches, Z. (1990). “Patent … availability of patent data on an increasingly global scale and the accompanying global spread of research using patent data. The …

Biographical information on a sample of renowned U.S. inventors is combined with information on the patents they … received over their careers, and employed to highlight the implications of patent institutions for markets in inventions and … for democratization. The United States deliberately created a patent system that differed from existing European systems …

Innovation is part idea generation and part development. We build a model of "innovating-by-doing," whereby ideas come … to practitioners. Successful innovation requires that practitioners' ideas be developed through costly effort. Our model ….S. Medicare program on medical equipment innovation. Our model’s structure allows us to infer the Medicare program's aggregate …

A frequently made claim in the innovation literature is that important inventions involve the transfer of new knowledge … knowledge acquired from outside each patent’s technological domain. Our results do not seem to support the claim above …

At the beginning of the nineteenth century, all countries having patent systems required patentable inventions to be … nonobvious. The nonobviousness requirement is considered to be so central to patent policy that it has frequently been called the … doctrine of invention, inventive step or simply the patentability requirement. This Article traces how this defining doctrine …

microdata. We find that invention and manufacturing developed similarly in cities closer to and farther from universities in the … international awards for innovation were higher near universities. …