Australia has seen large rises in living standards over the last decades across the whole of the income distribution. Technological change and international trade have contributed to this success, but have also brought structural change. Some industries have declined, while others flourished....

Reference architectural models are coherent representations/blueprints of the interaction existing between homogeneous/heterogeneous groups of systems, technologies, and users in complex business domains. Due to its complexity, the smart city domain should embrace a reference architectural model...

"This book outlines the characteristics of an urban system in detail. It explores how an urban system becomes complex in its functioning. This work highlights the significance of studying urban system from a scientific perspective, since a random urban system is potential threat to the...