The chapter presents an overview of the emerging field of behavioral innovation economics, which is the application of behavioral economic theory and principles to the subject matter of innovation economics (also known as Schumpeterian or evolutionary economics). A behavioral innovation...

Distributed ledger technology emerged in 2009 as the protocol behind bitcoin, a cryptocurrency with origins in the ‘cypherpunk' community who sought to use cryptography to secede from government control of money. Bitcoin's pseudonymous inventor, Satoshi Nakamoto said Bitcoin would be “very...

Identity is an input into economic exchange and contracting. The modern industrial economy has relies on cheap political identity to create trust and lower transaction costs. Market economies, however, have different identity needs than an administrative state. Economic efficiency in a digital...

For the past century economists have proposed a suite of theories relating to industrial dynamics, technological change and innovation. There has been an implication in these models that the institutional environment is stable. However, a new class of institutional technologies — most notably...

Blockchains are an institutional technology for facilitating decentralised exchange. As open-source software, anybody can develop their own blockchain, ‘fork’ an existing blockchain, or stack a new blockchain on top of an existing one - creating a new environment for exchange with its own...