technological synthesis within the broader economy. Using data on patents and patent citations obtained from the PATSTAT …In the last decades, innovation activity has been defined by an increasing complexity and a faster pace of the … underlying technological change. Accordingly, several studies have shown that competitive systems of innovation benefit from …

This Note applies the concept of "paradigm shifts" from the history and philosophy of science to describe how patents … scientific theory. Patents on research tools can prevent widespread access to these technologies and thus inhibit downstream … patent term in order to best balance the normal scientific processes and alternate hypothesis generation that jointly enable …

concentration upon innovation, focusing on robust findings, questions of interpretation, and the identification of major gaps. We … also consider the more modest literature that considers the effect on innovation of firm characteristics other than size …

Recent innovation literature has documented the benefits of cross-pollination of ideas across a wide set of industries …

knowledge acquired from outside each patent’s technological domain. Our results do not seem to support the claim above …A frequently made claim in the innovation literature is that important inventions involve the transfer of new knowledge … from one technological domain to another. This study uses U.S. patents granted from 1976-2006 to identify the role of …

imitate instead of concurrently investing in innovation, which alleviates competitive pressure. In contrast with the classical …

-in-part) that human gene patents "present a significant obstacle to the next generation of innovation in genetic medicine … with his position that certain gene patents should be declared patent ineligible, reflects a widely held misperception that … consider gene patents in abstract terms that disregard the critical role of patent claims in limiting the scope of a patent …

innovation system more closely on private funding and markets, and thus on the acquisition of patents at the front end of the … coming innovation pipeline. The choice to rely on private markets and patents is highly debatable. But it is certain to … climate change technologies. The article then describes six proposals for maximizing the innovation potential of the patent …

The first sale or patent exhaustion doctrine reflects the limited nature of patents. In Quanta Computer, Inc. v. LG … mixed with other seed was found to have infringed Monsanto’s patents. This paper reviews the patent exhaustion/first sale … Electronics, Inc., the Supreme Court reaffirmed the principle that the authorized sale of a patented item exhausts the patent as …