heart of the empirical research that is driving debates over patent litigation and patent quality. To remedy this problem … Patent Office exercises regularly and effectively: technology classification. This agency-court asymmetry has persisted for … decades but has now become unmanageably problematic for two related reasons. First, Supreme Court guidance, patent reform …

positively correlated with technological quality as defined by the patent offices. This premise is taken for granted in classical … defined by the patent offices - on private patent value. To do so, the theoretical links between private values of patents …, technological invention quality, incentives to oppose patents before the European Patent Office (EPO), and observable patent …

Analytical economic evidence shows that a strong patent system provides incentives for investing in technology and … suggest an “anticommons” that blocks competition, but these arguments are limited. Patent critics ignore the ex ante risks and … of the patent grant, the costs of capital increase beyond an optimal rate of investment, with high risk inventions at the …

competitive firms in the final product market, each with one essential patent necessary for production. The equilibrium price …