would be prohibitive. Such areas can become transaction free zones.The purpose of this chapter is to build a theory of …) commons organizations which govern through consensual rule-making and monitoring; and (3) collaborative communities with open …

systems reward modularity, distributed governance, risk taking, and autonomous decision-making.Despite these differences …

of how technology shapes organizations. In Chapter 7, I argued that sponsors of large technical systems (including …The IBM PC was the first digital computer platform that was open by as a matter of strategy, not necessity. The purpose … of this chapter is to understand the IBM PC as a technical system and set of organization choices in light of the theory …

their own investment activities. When they work in a harmonious fashion, these three types of organizations—household units … of organizations in the triad: government agencies, implementing the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, and …

valuation of firms in the transition as technology changes, and whether or not share prices are always increasing when … technology improves. We find that there can be a U-shaped transition dynamic, so that an initial boom in share price is followed … by a temporary fall in share price even though the underlying technology is improving. …

artifacts that evolve in the form of a nested hierarchy of technology cycles. Such a nested complex system perspective provides …

of labor market, capital market, and technology market. While the corresponding applications in international trade …