We document how, in the early years of high technology firms, the origination of technological knowledge starts with firm founders, then shifts to other firm members, and later on to external stakeholders. We further show that greater reliance on founder technological knowledge is initially...

The paper presents a model that evaluates how upgraded technological capabilities of emerging country based multinationals (EMNCs) and an increase in the domestic market size of large emerging countries affect value chain location choices and the competitiveness of emerging country based firms...