effects of the patent on innovation. Models that use frictions instead of patents to generate rewards to innovation and models … of trade secrecy are considered briefly. The patent design papers are divided into those that model a single innovation …, those dealing with cumulative innovation, and more recent papers focussing on complementary innovations. Disclosure issues …

intellectual property right design. We derive conclusions in the simplest, one-time innovation, case then investigate how these … optimal procurement of innovation are considered. Finally, we sketch enforcement and competition policy issues. …