measured by patents …

This Article explores the practical consequences of an important shift that has recently taken place in patent theory …. Although it was long agreed that the purpose of granting patents is to reward invention, today many scholars instead attempt to … justify the patent system based on its role in facilitating information exchange and enabling technical coordination among …

technological synthesis within the broader economy. Using data on patents and patent citations obtained from the PATSTAT …-CRIOS database, covering all patent applications made to the European Patent Office (EPO), we try to model the systemic nature of …

To better understand how academic research can contribute to innovative growth and to assess how Europe is and could be … doing in this respect, we review the analysis and evidence of business science links and Europe's record on this. The … evidence for Europe, there is a general lagging behind relative to the US, particularly on academic patenting and university …

number of research scholars) are transformed into research outputs in the form of publications and patents. We expect …