specialized commercialization capabilities. According to the predominant framework, if the innovation is protected by a strong … appropriabilty regime the optimal strategy is to license the innovation to an incumbent product firm. This paper argues by contrast … commercialize alone or to pursue a hybrid arrangement (called co-promotion) whereby it licenses the innovation but retains the …

for countries. For this purpose, innovation policies in biotechnology have been addressed here. This study draws on the … government supportive innovation policies. The statistical population of this study consisted of 165 responses from the directors …, international corporate collaboration policies and government supportive innovation policies have a significant impact on the …