It is widely believed that while society allows technology to be private property, scientific knowledge is public and open. However, over the past quarter-century there has been increasing patenting of quite basic scientific knowledge. This essay argues that this is potentially a very serious...

Since the 1990s major new players have emerged in science and technology u0096 notably in Asia. The result is an increasingly multi-polar world where science, technology and patent applications are more widely distributed throughout the world. Figure 1 shows that almost 80 % of researchers work...

Nordic cooperation in R&D is part of a broader, long standing cooperation in the Nordic area. This area consists of Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Iceland, Finland, as well as the autonomous regions the Faroes Greenland and Aaland. The institutional set-up goes back to 1952 with the establishment of...