negligible presence in world technology. Despite its current leaders’ ambitions to create a knowledge economy, Russia is … innovation and success. Graham finds Russia lacking on all counts. He explains that Russia’s failure to sustain technology, and … its recurrent attempts to force modernization, reflect its political and social evolution and even its resistance to …

Technological progress as a major source of economic development stems from the interaction of two types of innovations … endogenously-determined innovations. Upstream firms in the model "produce" drastic innovation, which turns out brand new technology … downstream firms adopt the new technology, they can improve it further by their incremental innovations. …