consumers and businesses directly affected by such regulation. The analysis also shows that over time unbundled loop prices are …

This paper reviews comparative approaches to key issues in economic regulation in four countries of the Southern … innovation in telecommunications services. In this paper, regulatory models in South Africa, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe are … evaluated with a focus on regulation of spectrum assignment, infrastructure sharing, call termination rates, and number …

lower calls prices. This was done by introducing wholesale regulation and promoting service based competition. Some years … retail minus or complete deregulation. -- access regulation ; vertical integration ; foreclosure ; price squeeze … ; telecommunications ; fixed networks …

minus and deregulation as potential alternatives. -- access regulation ; foreclosure ; margin squeeze ; telecommunications …This paper looks at the effects of different forms of wholesale and retail regulation on retail competition in fixed … increases. We argue that a wholesale price regulation at average costs is not optimal in such a situation and discuss retail …

spaces with secondary spectrum trading mechanisms. -- telecommunications ; spectrum management ; secondary spectrum market … ; regulation ; TV white spaces ; cognitive radio …