argued that public welfare programs can be viewed as a crime-preventing or disruption-preventing devices because they tend to … increase the opportunity cost of engaging in crime or disruptive activities. It is shown that, in the presence of a leisure …

Standard transaction cost arguments can only partially explain why the share of cash transactions is still high in many … distinctive feature of cash - a glance into one's pocket provides a signal for both the remaining budget as well as the level of … past expenses. We propose a theoretical framework which incorporates this feature of cash, and derives implications not …

representative snapshot of Canadian payment choices, with a focus on cash usage. Overall, cash usage at the point of sale has … cash transaction is about $9. Respondents' perceptions and demographic factors are used to interpret survey data: cash is … often perceived as substitutes for cash. …

Republic of Macedonia shows high degree of cash utilization in performing everyday nominal transactions. The cross country … that determine high degree of cash transactions, several activities have to be operationalized: 1. Launch of more organized … and more active modern non-cash payment instruments is essential. This could be done trough a comprehensive project for …

customer who pays by cash. In this paper we consider the design of an optimal card-based payment system when cash is available …