Since the industrial revolution, the economic development of Western Europe and North America was characterized by continuous urbanization accompanied by a gradual phasing-in of urban land property rights over time. Today, however, the evidence in many fast urbanizing low-income countries points...

Growing population and increase of urbanization have created a phenomenon called urban sprawl in major cities of the world that have imposed many environmental and economic consequences on cities. Recent researches have shown that Urmia urban development process has always been as urban sprawl...