We use a panel data set of 193 countries over 1990-2017 period, by employ the Seemingly unrelated regression (SUR), three stage least squares regression (3SLS), dynamic model two-step generalized method of moments and two-step system generalized method of moments approach to investigate the...

This study attempts to evaluate the energy and carbon footprint within the framework of international environmental treaties and the efforts made by 11 large polluting countries to mitigate climate change. The econometric methodology accounts for the presence of cross-sectional dependence while...

Energy-intensive infrastructure may tie up fossil energy use and carbon emissions for a long time after investments, making the structure of such investments crucial for society. Much or most of the resulting carbon emissions can often be eliminated later, through a costly retrofit. This paper...