Coal is at the core of the debate about climate change mitigation policies, yet the internationalmarket for it is not … steam coal market that can be readily used toexplore implications of climate policies, but also to analyze market structure …

trading network. Using a coal trading network among the different U.S. states between 1990 and 2005, this research studies the … processes and equipment to lower emissions, pay the news costs of emissions, or use less contaminating low-sulfur coal (high …-quality inputs). Efficiency increases when more sub-bituminous coal is used because of its lower level of emissions in comparison to …

During the last decade, China has evolved into the largest consumer by far and one of the largest importers of coal …. The main driver for the increase in coal demand in China has been economic growth. Future Chinese growth rates, and … therefore coal consumption and coal imports, are highly uncertain, which may affect proffitability of new investments of …