The last decade has exemplified a retrenchment of bank lending in developing countries. International banks strive to boost capital ratios, thereby raising equity, reducing their less profitable assets and rebalancing portfolios towards less risky claims. In that context of underfinanced...

This Book distills the essential lessons learned from extensive consulting and evaluation work and shows the reader, step by step, how to apply them to the assessment of these organizations' activities. When used as a prac-tical tool, the Technical Guide provides a salutary, though possibly...

This paper addresses an apparent lack of economic theory in the analysis of multilateral development bank (MDB) behavior. A simple comparative statics model that is adapted from the credit union literature is used to predict potential areas of conflict, agreement, and indifference between MDB...